Unilateral renal cystic disease: a case report study

Unilateral renal cystic disease (URCD) of kidney is a non-familial, extremely rare condition, characterized by replacement of the renal parenchyma of one kidney by a cluster of multiple cysts of varying size with a normal contralateral kidney. It is morphologically indistinguishable from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD); as such, hepatic and pancreatic cysts is not seen and shows no progressive deterioration in renal function; thus, differentiating ADPKD from URCD becomes important. We report a case of URCD documented by clinical and radiological imaging. A 21 year-old female, presented with history of mild lancinating pain in the left flank for 6 years which aggravated in the past 3 days, with no history of lower urinary tract symptoms. No significant family illnesses reported. Examination showed normal vitals and ballotability present and associated tenderness on deep palpation in left lumbar region. Laboratory findings were within normal limits. Ultrasonography of abdomen and pelvis showed left hydronephrosis with multiple cysts. CECT Abdomen revealed an enlarged left kidney (∼15×16×10 cm) filled with variable sized round, well-marginated multiple cysts. Renal ultrasound was performed on patient’s parents and her siblings and ruled out cystic renal disease. Hence, authors considered the diagnosis of URCD in this patient. In conclusion, treatment and managing guidelines of URCD have not been mentioned in any of the medical literatures. There is little information regarding the progression of URCD. Hence there is a need for further understanding of pathogenesis, progression and management of these patients.

Enfermedad renal quística adquirida y su relación con variables clínicas, demográficas y antropométricas en pacientes dialíticos / Acquired renal cystic disease and its relationship to clinical, demographic and anthropometric variables in patients on hemodialysis

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se asocia frecuentemente con enfermedad renal quística adquirida (ERQA). En el orden clínico, esta última suele ser asintomática, pero puede complicarse con carcinoma renal. Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de presentación de ERQA y la posible relación de la longitud renal, el número y tamaño de los quistes, con características de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, transversal, en el cual se incluyó a todos los pacientes del Servicio de Hemodiálisis del Instituto de Nefrología, en tratamiento en junio de 2012. Fueron excluidos los que tenían enfermedad quística como causa de ERC, los nefrectomizados y aquellos con mala ventana ecográfica. La ecografía renal se realizó con equipo Toshiba Nemio XG de alta resolución y transductor convexo de 3,5 MHz. La información fue procesada de forma automatizada mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 15.0. Para identificar las posibles relaciones entre las variables fueron utilizados los test de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney y de Kruskal-Wallis. También se empleó el coeficiente de correlación lineal de Pearson (r). Resultados: el 38,4 por ciento de los pacientes presentó ERQA. Se encontró asociación del número de quistes con el tiempo en hemodiálisis, la dosis de eritropoyetina utilizada y las cifras de hemoglobina (p< 0,05 en los 3 casos). Entre tiempo en hemodiálisis y número de quistes, la relación fue directa y moderada (r= 0,60). Conclusiones: la frecuencia de ERQA es elevada en pacientes en hemodiálisis. El número de quistes aumenta con el tiempo en tratamiento y los pacientes con mayor número de quistes poseen valores más elevados de hemoglobina y requieren de dosis más bajas de eritropoyetina...

Introduction: chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently associated with acquired renal cystic disease (ARCD). The latter condition is usually clinically asymptomatic, but it may complicate with renal carcinoma. Objective: identify the frequency of presentation of ARCD and the possible relationship of renal length and the number and size of cysts, to characteristics of patients on hemodialysis. Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of all the patients on hemodialysis at the Institute of Nephrology in June 2012. Patients with cystic disease as the cause of CKD, nephrectomized patients and those with a poor echographic window were not included. Renal echography was performed with high resolution Toshiba Nemio XG equipment and a 3.5 MHz convex transducer. Data was processed with the statistical software SPSS version 15.0. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for identification of the possible relationships between variables. The Pearson linear correlation coefficient (r) was also used. Results: 38.4 percent of the patients had ARCD. An association was found between the number of cysts and the time on hemodialysis, the doses of erythropoietin used, and hemoglobin values (p< 0.05 in the three cases). The relationship between time on hemodialysis and number of cysts was direct and moderate (r= 0.60). Conclusions: the frequency of ARCD was high among patients on hemodialysis. The number of cysts increased with treatment time. Patients with a greater number of cysts have higher hemoglobin values and require smaller doses of erythropoietin...

Cistolitectomia e ressecção de cisto renal por laparoscopia em uma cadela com aderências intraperitoneais: relato de caso / Cystolithectomy and renal cyst resection by laparoscopic surgery in a female dog with intraperitoneal adhesions: case report

No presente relato descreve-se a remoção de urólitos vesicais, bem como o tratamento de um cisto renal por cirurgia laparoscópica em um cão com aderências intraperitoneais. Para o acesso foram utilizados três portais, dois de 10mm e um de 5mm, dispostos na linha média ventral e nas paredes abdominal direita e esquerda. Após a remoção das litíases, realizou-se sutura intracorpórea da parede vesical em duas camadas. O cisto renal direito foi drenado e sua cápsula extirpada. Ocorreu a perda temporária de um urólito na cavidade abdominal e sua posterior recuperação pela cirurgia laparoscópica. O paciente não apresentou recidiva da doença pelo período mínimo de 14 meses. A cirurgia laparoscópica mostrou-se eficaz na terapêutica de ambas as patologias, sem a necessidade de alteração do posicionamento dos portais.

This study reports the laparoscopic treatment of urolithys and renal cist in a dog with adherences after laparotomy. Three portals (two with 10mm and one with 5mm) were used in the middle ventral line or lateral flanks. The calculi were removed, and two intracorporeal sutures were made in the vesicle tissue. The right cystic tissue was drained and its capsule was extirpated. One calculus was lost in the peritoneal cavity, but later recovered by laparoscopy. The patient did not show urinary vesicle disease during at least 14 months. The laparoscopic cistotomy appears to be adequate to remove urolithys and to treat renal cystic disease in dogs.

A Case of Unilateral Renal Cystic Disease with Cerebral Artery Aneurysm / 대한신장학회잡지

Unilateral renal cystic disease (URCD) is a multicystic disease, characterized by varying sized cysts localized in a diffusely enlarged kidney without forming a distinct encapsulated mass. Except for its unilaterality, gross and histological findings of URCD are indistinguishable from those of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, unlike ADPKD, URCD patients show neither a genetic background nor progressive deterioration in renal function; thus, the differential diagnosis of URCD from ADPKD is important, especially from the genetic and prognostic standpoint. Usually, URCD patients have no cardiac valvular abnormalities and no cystic diseases in other intraperitoneal organ, except simple cyst. Intracranial aneurysm can be found in 5-10% of ADPKD patients, but not in previous reported fourteen URCD cases yet. We report a 41- year-old patient with URCD and cerebral artery aneurysm. Careful family history taking and ultrasonographic examination of his parents and siblings revealed that they have no renal cystic disease. We followed the patient for 13 months and his renal function did not deteriorate.

Laparoscopic management of renal cystic disease

Laparoscopic management of renal cystic disease is a safe and effective method for treating those cysts that have indications for surgical intervention. Long term results of treatment of simple cysts, peripelvic cysts, indeterminate cysts and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are so good. The approach - transperitoneal or retroperitoneal - depend on the disease, anatomic location and the preference and expertise of surgeons

Acquired renal cystic disease in childhood chronic renal failure

No abstract available.